Non-Surgical Options

Exercise and physical therapy

Strong evidence and the first recommendation in guidelines. Strengthening the muscles around the joint reduces pain and improves function.

Weight loss

For people carrying extra weight, losing even a little reduces the load on the knees with every step, and can noticeably reduce pain.

Pain relievers

Anti-inflammatory gels rubbed on the knee work for many people with fewer side effects than pills. Ask a doctor or pharmacist which medicines are safe for you.

Steroid (cortisone) injections

Can give short-term relief for a few weeks to months. Doctors usually limit how often they're given.

Gel (hyaluronic acid) injections

Results in studies are mixed, and some major guidelines don't recommend them for routine use.

PRP (platelet-rich plasma) injections

Evidence is mixed and still developing; usually not covered by insurance.

Braces, canes and shoes

A cane in the opposite hand, some knee braces and supportive shoes can make walking easier.

When to get help quickly: Get help the same day for a hot, red, swollen joint with fever, if you can't put weight on your leg after an injury, or, after surgery, for fever, wound drainage, or new calf pain or swelling. For chest pain or sudden shortness of breath, call 911.

What doctors say in their videos

Videos from different surgeons and doctors, newest first. They share their own views, and we don't rank or endorse any of them.